Beck’s Personality Belief Questionnaire is a diagnostic tool for traits considered markers for ten different types of personality disorders. These personality disorders are:

1. Avoidant Personality Disorder (PD)
2. Dependent PD
3. Passive-Aggressive PD
4. Obsessive-Compulsive PD
5. Antisocial PD
6. Narcissistic PD
7. Histrionic (Hysterical) PD
8. Schizoid PD
9. Paranoid PD
10. Borderline PD

Each personality disorder is assessed through 14 specific questions, totaling 140 questions.

To further validate socionic typology, we investigated correlations between scores for these 10 personality disorders from Beck’s questionnaire and socionic parameters. This research was conducted using our recent questionnaire (form 105), where 301 participants completed both Beck’s questionnaire and a socionic diagnostic test.

In addition, the f.105 questionnaire had several other research scales, in particular, our author's scale for auditory productive symptomatology (auditory pseudohallucinations, 6 questions) and our author's scale for visual productive symptomatology (visual pseudohallucinations and illusions of mistaken visual recognition, 5 questions in total). It was also interesting to compare these scales with Beck's questionnaire and with socionic indicators.

And this is what we got:

Table 1. Intercorrelations

Table 2. Dichotomies

Table 3. Types

Table 4. Functions

Productive symptoms show a weak positive correlation only with Dependent and Borderline Personality Disorders. But they show very significant correlations with a number of socionic indicators. The presence of a history of auditory and visual pseudo-hallucinations reveals the highest correlations with intuition and, to a lesser extent, with constructivism. Among the functions, productive symptoms are positively correlated with Ni and partly with Di, and negatively with Si and partly with Qi. Among the psychotypes, productive symptoms are most characteristic of the EII, IEI and EIE, and are least common in LSE. It should also be noted that productive symptoms (one of the markers of predisposition to progradient hallucinatory schizophrenia) are not characteristic of schizoid personality disorder, in fact, the correlation between them is negative.

CORRELATIONS BETWEEN PERSONALITY DISORDERS AND SOCIONIC PARAMETERS

1) Avoidant personality disorder is characterized by a failure of Se, slightly elevated Ni and Di, departure into the pole of negativism, and extremely deep introversion.

2) Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an increase in both ethical functions with the failure of both logical functions (in the case of schizoid personality disorder, everything will be the exact opposite). There is also a moderate-weak departure into introversion, intuition, prudence, aristocracy, negativism, and declamity.

3) Passive-aggressive personality disorder is characterized by a strong withdrawal into questimity.

4) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by an increase in logical functions (especially Ti) and a decline in intuitive functions (especially Ne). At the dichotomy level, there is a contrasting hyper-rationality and a weak departure toward logic, introversion, statics, and sensorics.

5) Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a sharp increase in central functions (and especially Se), and a failure of all peripheral functions, as well as Fi. In dichotomies, this looks like a deep withdrawal into centrality and manipulative emotivism and a slightly less deep withdrawal into dynamics.

6) Narcissistic PD is characterized by an increase in Qe and to a lesser extent Se, and a simultaneous decline in Di and to a lesser extent Si. There is also a tendency for Fe to rise at the expense of Fi. In dichotomies, narcissism looks like a withdrawal into questimity, emotivism, and extraversion.

7) Histrionic personality disorder is characterized by an increase in Fe at the expense of Ti and partly Te, as well as a more moderate increase in Ne at the expense of Si, and Qe at the expense of Di. In socionic dichotomies, hysterical PD looks like a sharp simultaneous departure into ethics and extraversion, and a slightly less sharp departure into irrationality and democracy.

8) Schizoid PD is characterized by a sharp increase in both logical functions at the expense of both ethical functions, and a less pronounced increase in both central functions at the expense of a decline in Ne. (precisely a decline in Ne! - at least that is how Beck's questionnaire diagnoses schizoid disorder). As with antisocial disorder, empathy sympathy (affective empathy) suffers in schizoid disorder.

9) Paranoid disorder is characterized by an increase in Ti and Ni with a decrease in Si and Ne. At the same time, there is a sharp shift in the trait profile to centrality and a weaker shift to introversion and logic.

10) Borderline PD is characterized by an increase in Ni at the expense of Si. The trait profile shows a slight shift to introversion, centrality, and negativism.

WHICH PSYCHOTYPES MOST OFTEN FALL INTO THE ZONE OF EACH PERSONALITY DISORDER?

1. Avoidant PD: All introverts except LSI, most frequently EII and IEI.
2. Dependent PD: SEI, EII.
3. Passive-Aggressive PD: correlations with types are weakly expressed, slightly more frequent in SLI.
4. Obsessive-Compulsive PD: LSI is the clear champion, followed by LII.
5. Antisocial PD: LIE, SLE.
6. Narcissistic PD: SEE, EIE.
7. Histrionic (hysterical) PD: SEE, IEE, EIE.
8. Schizoid PD: SLI, LSI, ILI.
9. Paranoid PD: LSI, ILI.
10. Borderline PD: IEI.

In descending order of their contribution to the variance of personality disorders, socionic dichotomies are arranged as follows:

1. Logic: 1.13
2. Extraversion: 0.89
3. Peripheral: 0.82
4. Irrationality: 0.66
5. Constructivism: 0.62
6. Intuition: 0.49
7. Questimity: 0.39
8. Democratism: 0.37
9. Positivism: 0.32
10. Statics: 0.27
11. Process: 0.27
12. Ascending: 0.17
13. Carelessness: 0.16
14. Tactics: 0.14
15. Yielding: 0.08

Note that in this descending list of dichotomy significance, socionic constructivism-emotivism surpasses the contribution of intuition-sensing, and questimity, democratism, and positivism closely follow intuition as a compact group. This obviously expands the list of significant personality factors compared to those used in the Big Five and validates the additional personality factors that socionics has introduced over and above those used in the most common personality models still in use in psychology.

APPENDIX: Scales used to diagnose productive symptoms

AUDITORY PRODUCTIVE SYMPTOMATOLOGY

1. Sometimes my thoughts sound as if they are coming from "outside," as though there is a radio turned on inside my head that I can't seem to turn off.
2. Sometimes, when I am completely alone, I suddenly hear a voice inside my head clearly calling my name.
3. Sometimes, in the noise of a falling stream of water, I begin to hear what seem to be vague human voices.
4. Sometimes I hear a rustling of thoughts in my head, sometimes indistinct, and at other times turning into distinct words—they sound like an intrusive echo following my thoughts.
5. Occasionally, I have a strange and somewhat unpleasant feeling that my own thoughts are not actually mine, but as if someone has placed them in my head, as if someone is dictating them to me from the outside.
6. Sometimes I have the feeling that those around me can hear my thoughts.

VISUAL PRODUCTIVE SYMPTOMATOLOGY

1. I have experienced visual distortions (seeing things that aren't there) or visual hallucinations, visions.
2. Sometimes familiar objects and faces seem strange and distorted, "not quite right."
3. When I look at the middle of a sheet of paper with text, it seems as though the letters at the edges of the page are coming to life and moving on their own.
4. Sometimes, in twilight, I look at an object and at first see something completely different from what it actually is—I shake my head, and the vision disappears.

5. It's true that I never experience visual illusions in the form of twilight illusions.