Brief summary of the experimental results on the content of the poles of constructivism-emotivism and their neurophysiological interpretation.

Table 1. Dichotomies

Table 2. Types

CONSTRUCTIVISM CLUSTERS

(The questions presented have the highest absolute loadings specifically for constructivism-emotivism. After the line in each cluster, questions corresponding to the emotivism pole within that cluster are provided. After each questionnaire item, the linear correlation of its type profile with the profile of "ideal constructivism" is indicated.)

1) FREQUENT EPISODES OR A CONSTANT BACKGROUND OF BAD MOOD

1. I have a tendency toward aggression directed at myself. 0.75
2. Sometimes I engage in self-deprecation. 0.74
3. Gloom, resentment, regret, and "stubbornness out of spite" are frequent feelings for me. 0.68
4. I predominantly have a bad mood. 0.68
5. I have experienced feelings of worthlessness and insignificance. 0.67
6. At times in life, I have feared that, like any person, I might go insane one day. 0.66
7. I am often in a depressive and melancholic mood. 0.64
8. I constantly lack feelings of pleasure and satisfaction in life. 0.64
9. I often feel deceived, disadvantaged, and offended. 0.64
10. Sometimes, my situation has seemed hopeless to me. 0.63
11. At least in the past few days, I have frequently felt bodily discomfort—itchiness, restlessness, or a general sense of something being "off" in my body. 0.62
12. I often feel depressed and tense. 0.62
13. I am more often dissatisfied with everything than truly pleased with anything. 0.62
14. I sometimes experience a state (not due to the flu or any obvious illness) where my whole body aches, and even my skin is sensitive to touch. 0.61
15. I am often irritable and grumpy. 0.61
16. More than half the time, my thoughts are pessimistic and depressive. 0.61
17. Over the past month, I have repeatedly felt contempt, disdain, or even disgust toward people. 0.58
18. I experience depressive states where everything seems bleak and hopeless. 0.57
19. I frequently feel disgust—almost daily about something. 0.57
20. I often lack feelings of anticipation, joy, and pleasure in life. 0.57
21. I often feel like an unhappy person. 0.57
22. I often feel frustrated and disappointed. 0.56
23. I frequently experience anxiety and nervous states. 0.56
24. I tend to have aggressive thoughts directed at myself. 0.55
25. I have experienced symptoms of neurosis more than once. 0.55
26. I am more often dissatisfied or disappointed with how people treat me. 0.55
27. I am often plagued by bad moods, depression, and tension. 0.55
28. I often feel a quiet longing and a crushing heaviness in my soul. 0.55
29. I often feel frustrated and disappointed. 0.55
30. I often perceive myself as a sad, pessimistic, and anxious person. 0.54
31. Some people frequently sense negative, painful emotions coming from me. 0.54
32. I frequently experience depressive states where everything seems bleak and hopeless. 0.53
33. I often emotionally struggle with the feeling that I am not entirely worthy of the great mission entrusted to me. 0.52
34. I am tormented by a depressive mood (gloomy thoughts, everything seems bleak and hopeless, I don’t feel like doing anything). 0.52
35. I often have a sad mood. 0.52
36. At least once a week, I feel deeply unhappy. 0.51
37. My bad mood arises easily and can last for several days. 0.51
38. I often catch myself experiencing unpleasant sensations. 0.51
39. Negative emotions break out of me more often than positive ones. 0.50
40. Some memories make me feel ashamed of myself—of how I behaved and what I said. 0.49
41. I often feel sleepy and tired, wanting to be left alone. 0.49
42. I often feel guilty. 0.49
43. The joy of my friends is their personal joy—it usually doesn’t affect me or “infect” me. 0.47
44. I often feel worried and tense. 0.46
45. I can go a whole day without smiling once, and it doesn’t bother me. 0.45
46. I frequently experience sad states where everything suddenly seems hopeless. 0.41

47. Over the past month, I have repeatedly experienced feelings of happiness, joy, satisfaction, elation, or even ecstasy. -0.42
48. I am much more often in an upbeat and cheerful mood than in a downcast and melancholic one. -0.45
49. Most of the time, I feel calm, well-off, and satisfied. -0.46
50. It’s true that I simply don’t know how to fall into despair under any circumstances. -0.47
51. I am usually in a relaxed and bright mood. -0.47
52. The background of my mood is mostly cheerful and carefree. -0.48
53. Judgment, contempt, self-deprecation, and guilt—these are absolutely not my feelings. -0.49
54. I very rarely have reasons to worry or be nervous. -0.50
55. The general tone of my mood is usually benevolence, self-confidence, and a sense of sympathy and goodwill toward those around me. -0.51
56. It’s true that I very rarely experience prolonged sad or depressed moods. -0.51
57. On average, my mood contains far more feelings of calm confidence than anger or anxiety. -0.51
58. I am able to adapt to any life conditions, even difficult ones—and even in them, I know how to enjoy life. -0.52
59. Most of the time, I experience a sense of inner peace, happiness, and harmony with the world around me. -0.53
60. It’s very difficult to spoil my mood with anything. -0.53
61. More than 95% of the time, I am unshakably confident and calm, knowing no fears. -0.53
62. My mood is generally stable, confident, calm, and optimistic. -0.54
63. I almost always have a bright, optimistic mood. -0.55
64. I am generally aware of my own importance, significance, and authority. -0.56
65. Choose the more suitable option: 1) I usually appear self-critical. 5) I usually appear pleased with myself. -0.58
66. My relationships with most acquaintances are characterized by acceptance, friendliness, and sympathy. -0.60
67. In most group situations, I am quite satisfied with my status and my relationships with other group members. -0.61
68. My facial expression is cheerful more often than it is displeased or sullen. -0.63
69. In the morning, I usually have a background mood of good, calm, bright, and trouble-free feelings (matching the rays of the morning sun), which lasts for several hours or longer. -0.64
70. Most of the time, I am in a relaxed and calmly bright mood. -0.66
71. Right now, my mood is normal, and I have no more problems than usual. -0.71

2) FIXATION ON NEGATIVE EXPERIENCES

1. It is often difficult to get rid of the unpleasant assumptions and associations that haunt me. 0.72
2. I sometimes experience a peculiar discomforting sensation of "twisting," "turning inside out," "itching," or "scabies" in my body and muscles, or a "pulling" sensation in my muscles or joints—unpleasant sensations that constantly replace one another and cannot be eliminated by sheer willpower. 0.72
3. My sensations can be intrusive and often interfere with me. 0.65
4. There have been times in my life when I had thoughts and fears (which were later unfounded) that I might have cancer or some other serious illness. 0.65
5. I am often troubled by my gloominess, anxiety, irritability, as well as my frequent "stuckness" on certain thoughts or unpleasant states. 0.63
6. Any thought about trouble, if it enters my head, can ruin my mood for a long time. 0.62
7. When interacting with different people, I often get irritated in advance, expecting to hear some stubborn nonsense. 0.61
8. My experiences usually last a long time. 0.58
9. Certain memories haunt me persistently. 0.58
10. I often recall the pain I have experienced. 0.57
11. I tend to be suspicious: sometimes I imagine something unpleasant or dangerous that isn’t real. 0.56
12. I am prone to "getting stuck" in certain moods and experiences. 0.55
13. I often struggle to get out of a bad mood for a long time. 0.55
14. I have a tendency to experience deep unpleasant emotions about events that happened long ago. 0.54
15. There is an old unpleasant experience associated with fear or horror that I cannot forget, even though it happened long ago and I should have moved on by now. 0.54
16. Obsessive memories of the past often emotionally "suck me in." 0.54
17. I tend to hold onto grudges and experience them for a long time. 0.54
18. I often "get stuck" on the feeling of hostile confrontation between myself and the world. 0.52
19. Internal bodily signals and certain mild physical sensations sometimes become intrusive for me. 0.51
20. Sometimes I spend an entire evening thinking and worrying about what I need to do, what I haven’t done, what I can’t do, what must be done, or what will happen if something isn’t done, etc. 0.50
21. Sometimes I experience a deep sense of guilt with self-reproach and remorse for a long time. 0.46
22. At times, I tend to suffer for extended periods. 0.45
23. I have often been plagued by obsessive suspicions and anxieties. 0.42
24. I sometimes tend to greatly exaggerate the severity of my illnesses, mistakenly assuming the worst. 0.42

25. I easily let go of everything that has passed and is no longer relevant. -0.48
26. It is true that I have no intrusive memories. -0.51
27. I am almost always completely confident in myself, without a shadow of doubt, hesitation, or self-reflection. -0.53
28. It is true that I practically never feel guilty about any of my actions. -0.54
29. I learn a lesson from every misfortune and quickly learn from both my own and others' mistakes. -0.55
30. My emotions are discharged quickly and immediately, never accumulating to a significant level. -0.56
31. I easily discard everything irrelevant and past from my mind. -0.56
32. It is true that I never question the correctness of my actions and behavior. -0.58
33. Failures do not bother me, and I do not dwell on mistakes—I always easily forget them and move on. -0.59
34. It is true that my emotions are easily and immediately discharged and never accumulate to a critical mass. -0.65
35. I easily and intensely pick up on the emotional tone of events, empathize, but just as easily and quickly erase those emotions from my memory—by the next day, I remember the meaning of the event but have no emotional recollection of it. -0.66
36. In conflicts, I "rage" only at the beginning but quickly calm down (the further it goes, the calmer I become). -0.67
37. Old fears rarely come to my mind—I quickly forget all past bad and difficult experiences as unnecessary. -0.68

3) RESTLESS SLEEP WITH FREQUENT DREAMS AND AWAKENINGS

1. How many times on average do you wake up during the night, from the moment you fall asleep until morning? - 1) Zero times 2) Once 3) Twice 4) Three times 5) Four times or more 0.64
2. I have difficulty falling asleep in the evening—it feels like everything around me is preventing it. 0.52
3. I often have intrusive, repetitive thoughts, including in the evening, which prevent me from falling asleep for a long time (sleep won’t come). 0.52

4. My sleep is steady, deep, and calm, with rare or no dreams. -0.45
5. I always fall asleep easily and quickly when I go to bed in the evening. -0.55

4) UNCONTROLLABLE AND EASILY EXCITABLE EMOTIONAL REACTIVITY (HARD TO CONTROL WITH LOW REACTION THRESHOLDS)

1. I often pay attention to barely audible sounds: from the street, from plumbing pipes, from the ceiling from neighbors, etc. 0.72
2. I often have the feeling that close people deliberately "annoy" me and intentionally create discomfort for me. 0.71
3. I find it difficult to manage my mood. 0.70
4. I often get irritated by small annoyances and discomforts that the people in the room are very good at creating. 0.67
5. My inner balance is fragile and unstable, so I hold onto it particularly tightly. 0.67
6. To knock me off course or upset me, it is enough to hear light tones of dissatisfaction or judgment in the voice of the person I am talking to. 0.65
7. In conflicts, my negative emotions gradually "build up" (the further it goes, the more upset I become, the more I "stick to my principles"). 0.62
8. I am often internally tense and almost on the verge of an outburst or panic. 0.62
9. I often get irritated and angrily snap when someone jokes at the wrong time and further ruins my mood. 0.60
10. I often get nervous about trivial things. 0.60
11. I am sensitive to any faint external irritants, often noticing them. 0.57
12. Sometimes I lose control and get rude, even if it goes against my interests. 0.57
13. My emotions sometimes resemble a broken faucet: just a slight turn of the handle, and the pressure bursts out with full force, and sometimes the opposite happens – I twist and twist the handle, but there’s no effect at all. 0.57
14. I am an emotional person, and I am not indifferent or indifferent in any way. 0.56
15. I often feel like "ants" running through my body. 0.55
16. I often quarrel and feel offended. 0.55
17. I tend to experience internal contradictions, capricious fluctuations, and mood swings. 0.55
18. I often notice even the slightest smell of someone else’s body or sweat in the air. 0.55
19. I get easily irritated by silly questions. 0.54
20. When my surroundings begin to annoy me greatly, I sometimes feel a desire to take revenge on everyone, end my life, or at least threaten to do so. 0.54
21. When I am getting ready to go somewhere, I almost always become anxious. 0.54
22. I often react disproportionately to weak irritants – as if everything around me is ready to make me lose my temper. 0.53
23. Honestly, I often scream and quarrel with my close ones in a capricious and unfair manner – this isn’t right, that’s not right. 0.52
24. My emotions, when hurt, spiral out of control very quickly and irreversibly. 0.52
25. I often experience agitation, insomnia, loss of appetite, mood swings, and an inability to concentrate. 0.51
26. I have poor control over my emotions: my state usually fluctuates from melancholic depression to bursts of dissatisfaction. 0.50
27. Various physical discomforts (e.g., tight clothes, smells, hangnails, unsuitable room temperature, uncomfortable lighting, hunger, etc.) usually distract me and interfere with my work. 0.50
28. My speech often has sudden, not always motivated, changes in intonation. 0.49
29. When I read an interesting story or novel, I imagine how I would feel if the events in the story were happening to me. 0.49
30. I am easily frightened by various thoughts. 0.49
31. I often have unstable moods. 0.48
32. I tense up in anticipation of something unpleasant. 0.48
33. I am often irritated and distracted by outside noise. 0.48
34. I often experience mood swings. 0.48
35. "The princess and the pea" or "The princess who doesn’t want to be touched" – this describes my character (at least it suits me more than my acquaintances). 0.47
36. I often get upset over trivial things and complain about life. 0.46
37. It’s easy to provoke irritation and bad moods in me. 0.44
38. I am emotionally "uneven" and not very stable. 0.40

39. My mood is little affected by external circumstances. -0.47
40. I am better than many at enduring life’s hardships. -0.48
41. When watching movies, I rarely empathize with the victims, even if I follow the relationships between the characters with interest – I am good at separating my feelings from others'. -0.52
42. It is very difficult to offend or upset me. -0.52
43. I take to heart only things that concern my personal needs and interests. -0.54

5) INABILITY TO FLEXIBLY MANAGE ONE'S EMOTIONS IN COMMUNICATION, INCLUDING THE INABILITY TO DIPLOMACY, BEING FAKE, EMOTIONALLY ADAPTING, SMILING, PRETENDING TO BE IN A GOOD MOOD

1. I find it very difficult to compromise in evaluating what is good and what is bad, what is decent and worthy, and what is disgusting. 0.71
2. I will easily and without fear stand in the ranks of the minority, even without hope of victory, if I believe that the minority is right. 0.58
3. I feel internal discomfort when giving alms, especially uncomfortable when thanked for it. 0.55
4. In general, I am a "prickly" and cautious person. 0.53
5. I am almost incapable of "mimicry" - I am worse than others at changing my opinions to adapt to new bosses. 0.52
6. I don't think it's necessary to hide my negative opinion about certain people; on the contrary, I like to express and show it. 0.51
7. I am often irritated by the manners and habits of those around me. 0.50
8. I am demanding of others and their statements, I easily "get upset," and I am worse than other people at smoothing over conflicts. 0.49
9. I am a person with strong principles. 0.48
10. Unlike many, I am completely incapable of giving insincere compliments (it goes against my whole being). 0.48
11. Periodically, some people are categorically cut off from my circle of acquaintances. 0.46
12. Others constantly try to use and manipulate me. 0.46
13. Sometimes I intentionally do or say something nasty to cause an unpleasant feeling in someone and watch their reaction. 0.45

14. I consider it possible to deceive another person if it does not contradict the law and will benefit me. -0.40
15. I am excellent at working with a variety of people. -0.46
16. I can "stroke" a person with words at the right moment (intentionally and usually insincerely) just to gain their trust. -0.47
17. I calmly and humorously take jokes at my expense, and sometimes joke around with others. -0.49
18. I have a large, flexible, and diverse set of techniques to start an acquaintance. -0.49
19. Sometimes I entertain myself with flattery towards someone, without any particular goal, just to observe how the person's mood improves. -0.50
20. I agree with everything in the world, and accept all rules. -0.51
21. I am quite tolerant of others' attempts to emotionally manipulate me. -0.52
22. The truth is unnecessary for me if it interferes with my life. -0.53
23. I can adapt to the powerful. -0.53
24. I would be ready to change my views if they became unpopular in society and therefore disadvantageous. -0.55
25. Sometimes I lie to get something or achieve my other goals. -0.55
26. I am good at convincingly lying to a client if it is assigned by the boss. -0.55
27. A job as an insurance agent would suit me and I would enjoy it more than being a veterinarian. -0.57
28. Bowing low to the strong and powerful is not a sin. -0.57
29. I would make a good diplomat. -0.58
30. In communication, I more often give compliments, i.e., pleasant words to others, rather than joking with irony. -0.59
31. I can adapt to any established state of affairs. -0.59
32. I can avoid quarrels with friends, as well as with influential and necessary people. -0.60
33. Morally, I am rather "omnivorous" - no matter how others behave, it is very difficult to hurt, offend, irritate, or embarrass me. -0.61
34. Among acquaintances, I act more often as a diplomat than as a guardian of ethical norms. -0.62
35. I smile even when saying unpleasant things. -0.64

6) SUBJECTIVE SENSATION OF A SPECIAL INTENSITY OF HEARD SOUNDS, HERE - LOVE FOR LISTENING TO MUSIC (WHICH EVOKES QUASI-ORGASTIC SENSATIONS)

1. Sometimes ordinary sounds seem very loud and somehow rich and saturated. 0.76
2. I have a predisposition to the synthesis of sensations, where sounds seem to be colored in some way. 0.56
3. How often do you listen to music on your own initiative (while working or resting)? 1) Not more than 10 times a year 2) It happens on average once a week or two 3) On average once every two to four days 4) Almost daily 5) Almost daily and at least two hours a day on average 0.52

4. I remember melodies poorly. -0.47

7) GOOD VISUAL MEMORY FOR FACES

1. I can draw a recognizable face of a specific person from memory (portrait or caricature). 0.34
2. I know that compared to other people, I have a faster and more accurate, almost "photographic" visual memory. 0.33
3. I have a good automatic visual memory for image details. 0.25

4. I have a poor memory for faces of people. -0.22
5. I have difficulty remembering people's faces - it's hard for me to remember someone’s face when meeting them for the first time. -0.30
6. I have rather poor than good visual memory: I have difficulty remembering people's faces, distinctive features of landscapes, etc. -0.55
7. To me, all cats look the same, all kiosks look the same, all homeless people look the same. -0.59

8) SLOWNESS IN READING AND COMPREHENSION

1. I often miss the cause-and-effect relationships between events. 0.43

2. I instantly find the necessary words and examples in my memory. -0.46
3. I always instantly understand, "catch on the fly" the meaning of everything I read. -0.55
4. I read pages of any text quickly. -0.57